If two sailing vessels are running free with the wind on the same side, which one must keep clear of the other?

If two sailing vessels are running free with the wind on the same side, which one must keep clear of the other?

• A. The windward vessel
• B. The leeward vessel
• C. The faster vessel
• D. The larger vessel

Answer: (A)

When two sailing vessels are on the same tack and running free with the wind on the same side, the vessel that is upwind (the windward one) must keep clear. This rule exists to prevent a collision when both ships have their sails set to the same side of the wind; the upwind vessel is in a position where a small change in course could push into the path of the other, so it is their responsibility to avoid the other vessel. The leeward vessel has the wind more toward its stern and generally can maintain its course without the upwind vessel forcing a dangerous crossing, so the upwind vessel bears the duty of giving way. Speed and size don’t override this requirement in this situation; the relative wind direction dictates who must give way.

When two sailing vessels are on the same tack and running free with the wind on the same side, the vessel that is upwind (the windward one) must keep clear. This rule exists to prevent a collision when both ships have their sails set to the same side of the wind; the upwind vessel is in a position where a small change in course could push into the path of the other, so it is their responsibility to avoid the other vessel. The leeward vessel has the wind more toward its stern and generally can maintain its course without the upwind vessel forcing a dangerous crossing, so the upwind vessel bears the duty of giving way. Speed and size don’t override this requirement in this situation; the relative wind direction dictates who must give way.